一、語法填空的選材與命題取向
這幾年語法填空題的數(shù)量較以往有所減少，同時(shí)難度也有所降低?？v觀近幾年的高考試題，英語試題卷在不斷地變化，不斷地改革，題型上有所創(chuàng)新并日趨完善，起主要表現(xiàn)在利用情景語言交流中考查考生的英語語言應(yīng)用能力。
語法填空題的選材一般是從國外的報(bào)刊雜志、辭書或?qū)υ捴羞x取，在進(jìn)行改造而形成。首先這些句子必須是來源于生活，具有實(shí)際交際功能意義的。由于《高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確了語法的三個(gè)緯度：形式、意義和用法，而高考的語法填空題正是基于這一理念進(jìn)行選材。語法填空題選材必須注意：所選句子的語言形式要正確，原汁原味，所選句子的意思要清晰明了，句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)功能能完美地服務(wù)于句子的語義。簡(jiǎn)而言之，高考語法填空題的命題必然要緊扣這一要求。
高考語法填空的命題取向：純語法規(guī)則測(cè)試題會(huì)越來越少，而強(qiáng)化考生英語的實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力、理解能力和邏輯推理能力的試題將會(huì)逐漸增加。不過，語法填空題的總體難度有所降低。
根據(jù)《高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》確定的語法三個(gè)緯度，語法填空題命題取向，首先突出在以下四個(gè)方面的能力：語法加語境，語法與上下文，語法加比較辨析和情景會(huì)話用語；其次要講究測(cè)試面廣，涉及到的語法測(cè)試點(diǎn)要多，這也是愈發(fā)測(cè)試的一個(gè)非常重要的特色。如語法測(cè)試體的測(cè)試點(diǎn)包括動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句、反意疑問句、省略句和it的用法等，在這些測(cè)試項(xiàng)目中，動(dòng)詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞形式又是重點(diǎn)中的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)，從這幾年語法測(cè)試題看，動(dòng)詞的比例占有率相當(dāng)大。
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2)動(dòng)詞涵蓋時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語形式和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；
3)從句涵蓋名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句。
二、語法填空的命題思路分析與對(duì)策
高考語法填空題的命題思路是：講究句子的語境設(shè)置，從四個(gè)方面考查考生的英語實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力，甄別、篩選和理解能力以及邏輯推理能力。這四個(gè)方面的能力是：
語法與語境的辨析能力，
語法對(duì)比辨析的能力，
上下文之間的推論能力，
情景會(huì)話的語境辨析。
語法填空題還增加了詞義辨析題的含量，這主要呈現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞、短語動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的考查，除此之外，這種題型也出現(xiàn)了對(duì)文化知識(shí)的考查。如：
You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and ____________.[07-江蘇]
A. tomorrow never comes
B. tomorrow is another day
C. never put of till tomorrow
D. there is no tomorrow
由上看出，單項(xiàng)填空題將逐步從考查學(xué)生的語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用能力的考查想文化知識(shí)的考查過渡，這一現(xiàn)象應(yīng)引起我們的重視。
對(duì)策：復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)，應(yīng)多多研究高考真題，依據(jù)高考的命題思路，進(jìn)行有效地復(fù)習(xí)，注重選擇含語境的題，注重分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，時(shí)態(tài)的交互和變化，從句的特征效應(yīng)，非謂語動(dòng)詞的一些特殊功能以及一些固定搭配等。讓考生全面地、理性地掌握語法填空題的精髓。
三、應(yīng)試技巧：
應(yīng)試技巧一、二在上篇博文中已經(jīng)簡(jiǎn)要介紹過了，這里就不再重復(fù)了。
應(yīng)試技巧三：明確省略成分, 補(bǔ)全句子看清真面目
試題命制時(shí)，為使語言生動(dòng)，自然、簡(jiǎn)潔，所以常常采用這種省略形式。解答這類題，首先要求考生弄懂句意，再根據(jù)所學(xué)語法知識(shí)將句子還原或補(bǔ)全，有助于考生快速地掌握句子的意思。不過這類現(xiàn)象多為同源主語的省略。
23) ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
【答案為D項(xiàng)。本題考查when之后非謂語動(dòng)詞用法。對(duì)when用法的判斷是解題關(guān)鍵。when(或其它詞，如：while， since，once等)引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，若從句主語和主句主語相同，且從句謂語部分含有be時(shí)，可把從句主語和be同時(shí)省略。本題干中在when后省略了it is。即when it is compared with the size of the whole earth...】
24) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
【答案為D項(xiàng)。本題once之后省略了it is, 顯然, 此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)?！?/P>
25) We all know that, __________, the situation will grow worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with
【答案為B項(xiàng)。if后接的省略句，其實(shí)它的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是if it is not carefully dealt with。顯然，選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容省略了it is, 而剩余部分就是正確答案。】
應(yīng)試技巧四：巧用結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子，理順還原本來面目
有些語法填空題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，迷惑性大，考生若稍有疏忽，必定會(huì)受到干擾項(xiàng)的干擾，這時(shí)就需要耐心和細(xì)心地分析句子，弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，再對(duì)照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行甄別選出正確選項(xiàng)。
26) You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
【答案為D項(xiàng)。Imagine后面的賓語從句是what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其正常語序?yàn)椋篧e had difficulty ________ home in the snowstorm. 其實(shí)這句就是考查have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something句型結(jié)構(gòu)?！?/P>
應(yīng)試技巧五：語境背景要弄清，細(xì)心分析究根源
有些語法填空題常常在語境中考查考生對(duì)語言結(jié)構(gòu)和語言知識(shí)的考查，這類題型是近年來常考題。這就要求考生要針對(duì)語境做細(xì)致的分析，以語境為切入點(diǎn)對(duì)測(cè)試題進(jìn)行思考，分析，甄別和抉擇。
27) —Bill, if it doesn’t rain, we can go straight on and spend more time in Vienna.
— ___________ I just want to hear Mozart.
A. Well done! B. No problem. C. That’s great! D. That’s it.
【答案為C。That’s great!意思是“太好了！太棒了！”。根據(jù)對(duì)話材料，我們I just want to her Mozart,
可以斷定出說話者本人自己想去聽莫扎特的音樂會(huì)，當(dāng)聽到對(duì)方說可能要去維也納時(shí)，心中不禁大喜。Well done!的意思是“干得好！”problem意思是“沒問題。”That’s it. 表示為“做得對(duì)！就是這樣！”】
28) -Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
-Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
【答案為A。根據(jù)答語中的I am not sure, 就是一個(gè)重要的信息，表明說話者把握不大。根據(jù)語法規(guī)則，但沒什么把握是或不確定時(shí)，一般用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may或might?！?/P>
四、練習(xí)題
下面給出10個(gè)小例題，同學(xué)們可以選作練習(xí)之用：
1. I won’t think _____ of him because of his shortcomings. He is a good boy after all.
A. much B. little C. any less D. any more
2. ----Which share is meant for me?
----You can take ______ half. They are exactly the same.
A. this B. any C. each D. either
3. This book is written in _____ easy English _____ beginners can understand.
A. such ; that B. so; that C. such; as D. too; that
4. What a pity! I missed meeting him at the airport because my car was _____ in the traffic jam.
A. broken up B. kept back C. held up D. kept up
5. The girl seldom, if ______, turned to her brother for protection.
A. never B. ever C. always D. then
6. ----What a hot day! Have you had a drink?
----Yes, but I’d like to have _______ after class.
A. it B. another C. that D. one
7. If you keep practicing your son in football, he ______ to be a famous player.
A. wants B. hopes D. wishes D. promises
8. This crop does not do well in soils _______ the one for which it has been specially developed.
A. outside B. other than C. beyond D. rather than
9. --- Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?
--- Sorry, I’m too busy and haven’t got even a minute to __________.
A. spend B. spare C. share D. stop
10. If you want to see a doctor, you fix a date with him ahead of time. That is a common ____ in the USA.
A. sense B. rule C. practice D. reality
